Portfolio Optimization & Risk

What you'll learn

• ✓Frame allocation as a constrained optimization problem rather than a return-chasing spreadsheet.
• ✓Derive the Markowitz frontier and explain when the math becomes unstable in practice.
• ✓Estimate covariance with shrinkage, factor structure, and positive-semidefinite checks.
• ✓Use Black-Litterman style views without hiding assumptions.
• ✓Audit allocations for turnover, concentration, drawdown, and implementation costs.